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Who can inherit if there is no will?

Applying for probate can be a Stressfull and Exhausting task, but our specialists are here to make it feel simple. In this guide, you’ll find everything you need to know about going through probate and dealing with someone’s estate.

Who can inherit if there is no will – The rules of intestacy

When a person dies without leaving a Will or a valid will, their property (the estate) must be shared out according to certain rules. These are called the rules of Intestacy. A person who dies without leaving a will is called an Intestate person.

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    Married, Civil Partner & Close Relatives

    Only married or civil partners and some other close relatives can inherit under the rules of intestacy.
    If someone makes a will but it is not legally valid, the rules of intestacy decide how the estate will be shared out, not the wishes expressed in the will.

    Married Partners and Civil Partners

    Married partners or civil partners inherit under the rules of intestacy only if they are actually married or in a civil partnership at the time of death. So, if you are divorced or if your civil partnership has been legally ended, you can’t inherit under the rules of intestacy.

    Partners who separated informally can still inherit under the rules of intestacy. Cohabiting partners (sometimes wrongly called ‘common-law’ partners) who were neither married nor in a civil partnership can’t inherit under the rules of intestacy.

    If there are surviving children, grandchildren, or great-grandchildren of the person who died and the estate is valued at more than £270,000, the partner will inherit: all the personal property and belongings of the person who has died, and the first £270,000 of the estate, and half of the remaining estate.

    For example, Tracey was in a civil partnership with Stanley and they adopted a daughter called Jayne. Then Tracey died without leaving a will. Her estate is worth £500,000. After Stanley inherits his share of £270,000, the estate that is left is worth £230,000. Stanley can have half of this namely £115,000. Jayne will get £115,000
    If there are no surviving children, grandchildren, or great-grandchildren, the partner will inherit all the personal property and belongings of the person who has died and the whole of the estate with interest from the date of death.

    Couples Who Jointly Owned Property

    Couples may jointly own their home. There are two different ways of jointly owning a home. These are beneficial joint tenancies and tenancies in common.
    If the partners were beneficial joint tenants at the time of the death, when the first partner dies, the surviving partner will automatically inherit the other partner’s share of the property. However, if the partners are tenants in common, the surviving partner does not automatically inherit the other person’s share.
    For more information about beneficial joint tenancies and tenancies in common, see Buying with someone else in Buying a home.

    Couples may also have joint bank or building society accounts. If one dies, the other partner will automatically inherit the whole of the money.
    Property and money that the surviving partner inherits do not count as part of the estate of the person who has died when it is being valued for the intestacy rules.

    For example, Paul and Carla are married and own their house jointly as beneficial joint tenants. They have a child called Tristan. Paul dies intestate leaving the jointly-owned house worth £350,000, and £50,000 in shares in his own name. The house goes automatically to Carla. This leaves an estate of £100,000 which also goes to Heather, as it is worth less than the £270,000 threshold. Tristan inherits nothing.

    If Paul had owned the house in his name alone, his estate would have been worth £400,000. It would be shared out according to the rules of intestacy, that is, Carla would get the first £270,000. This leaves an estate of £130,000. Carla would get £65,000 and Tristan would get the remaining £65,000.

    Close Relatives Starting With Children

    Children of the intestate person will inherit if there is no surviving married or civil partner. If there is a surviving partner, they will inherit only if the estate is worth more than a certain amount.
    Children – if there is no surviving married or civil partner

    If there is no surviving partner, the children of a person who has died without leaving a will inherit the whole estate. This applies however much the estate is worth. If there are two or more children, the estate will be divided equally between them.
    Children – if there is a surviving partner

    If there is a surviving partner, a child only inherits from the estate if the estate is valued at over £270,000. If there are two or more children, the children will inherit in equal shares: one half of the value of the estate above £270,000.

    All the children of the parent who has died intestate inherit equally from the estate. This also applies where a parent has children from different relationships.
    For example, David and Angela were married and have two children, Simon and Audrey. David and Angela get divorced. David then has a child, Philip, with his new partner Suzanne. David and Suzanne do not marry. David dies. Angela does not inherit under the intestacy rules because she is divorced from David but neither does Suzanne because she has not married David. Simon, Audrey and Philip inherit all of David’s estate in equal shares.

    A child whose parents are not married or have not registered a civil partnership can inherit from the estate of a parent who dies intestate. These children can also inherit from grandparents or great-grandparents who have died intestate.

    Adopted children (including step-children who have been adopted by their step-parent) have the rights to inherit under the rules of intestacy. But otherwise, you have to be a biological child to inherit.

    Children do not receive their inheritance immediately. They receive it when they:
    reach the age of 18, or
    marry or form a civil partnership under this age.
    Until then, trustees manage the inheritance on their behalf.

    Grandchildren and great-grandchildren
    A grandchild or great-grandchild cannot inherit from the estate of an intestate person unless either:
    their parent or grandparent has died before the intestate person, or
    their parent is alive when the intestate person dies but dies before reaching the age of 18 without having married or formed a civil partnership.

    In these circumstances, the grandchildren and great-grandchildren will inherit equal shares of the share to which their parent or grandparent would have been entitled.

    Example: Abdul has two sons, Iqbal and Ismail. Ismail has one daughter, Habiba. Ismail dies when Habiba is two years old. Abdul dies intestate when she is 20. Habiba inherits Ismail’s share of Abdul’s estate.
    Other close relatives

    Parents, brothers and sisters and nieces and nephews of the intestate person may inherit under the rules of intestacy. This will depend on a number of circumstances:
    whether there is a surviving married or civil partner
    whether there are children, grandchildren, or great-grandchildren.

    in the case of nephews and nieces, whether the parent directly related to the person who has died is also dead the amount of the estate.

    Other relatives may have a right to inherit if the person who died intestate had no surviving married partner or civil partner, children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren, parents, brothers, sisters, nephews, or nieces.

    The order of priority amongst other relatives is as follows: –

    Grandparents, Uncles and aunts. A cousin can inherit instead if the uncle or aunt who would have inherited died before the intestate person half-uncles and half-aunts. A half-cousin can inherit instead if the half-uncle or half-aunt who would have inherited died before the intestate person.

    Who Cannot Inherit?

    The following people have no right to inherit where someone dies without leaving a will: unmarried partners (sometimes wrongly called ‘common-law’ partners) lesbian or gay partners not in a civil partnership, relations by marriage, close friends and carers.

    However, even if you can’t inherit under the rules of intestacy, you might be able to apply to the court for financial provision from the estate.
    If there are no surviving relatives

    If there are no surviving relatives who can inherit under the rules of intestacy, the estate passes to the Crown. This is known as Bona Vacantia. The Treasury Solicitor is then responsible for dealing with the estate. The Crown can make grants from the estate but does not have to agree to them.

    If you are not a surviving relative, but you believe you have a good reason to apply for a grant, you will need legal advice.

    For more information about bona vacantia go to the GOV.UK website at www.gov.uk.

    Find out more about getting legal advice.

    Rearranging The Way, The Estate is Shared Out

    It is possible to rearrange the way property is shared out when someone dies without leaving a will, provided this is done within two years of the death. This is called making a deed of family arrangement or variation. All the people who would inherit under the rules of intestacy must agree.

    If they agree, the property can be shared out in a different way so that people who do not inherit under the intestacy rules can still get some of the estate. Or they could agree that the amount that people get is different from the amount they would get under the rules of intestacy.

    If you think that the way the estate is shared out should be rearranged, you will need legal advice. You may get legal aid.

    Our service includes a free initial telephone call, or if you prefer a video call this allows us to keep everyone at a safe distance. We do in some circumstances do a face to face meeting with a local Wills Specialist in your home, at or near your workplace, or another location in England or Wales

    You can call free on 0808 188 9008 or you can call us on 0207 965 7568 local call charges apply 

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